Exploring patients’ experiences with artificial intelligence and digital health literacy in chronic disease self-management: a qualitative study

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital health tools are increasingly incorporated into chronic disease self-management, providing personalized monitoring and decision-making support. However, the experiences of patients with these technologies and the influence of Digital Health Literacy (DHL) in promoting their effective utilization are inadequately comprehended, especially in the context of Saudi Arabia. This qualitative descriptive study explored patients’ experiences with AI-based and digital health technologies in the self-management of chronic diseases. A purposive sample of nine patients with chronic illnesses were collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews as guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) conducted on Zoom, each lasting 20 to 30 minutes. Interviews were audio- recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically in accordance with Braun and Clarke’s methodology. Trustworthiness was established via member checking, peer review, and maintaining of an audit trail. Four main themes emerged: [1] Usability of AI-based health tools [2], Perceptions and meaning of AI technologies [3], Digital health literacy, and [4] Integration into self-management behaviors. Participants predominantly regarded AI technologies as user-friendly, especially when utilized on smartphones, and indicated frequent incorporation into their daily routines. AI technologies were perceived as supporting tools that improved health monitoring and understanding, along with an increasing trust and reliance over time. DHL was recognized as a critical element influencing participants’ ability to interpret health information and proficiently utilize digital tools. AI-based technologies facilitated self-monitoring behaviors and supplemented, rather than replaced traditional healthcare engagement. AI-based and digital health tools assist in the self-management of chronic diseases; yet, their benefit is dependent upon usability, positive user perceptions, and a significant digital health literacy. Improving DHL and prioritizing user-centered design are crucial for optimizing the incorporation of AI technologies into patient self-management practices.