Genetic Characterization of Huacaya Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Poland Using Microsatellite Markers

Abstract

Simple Summary Alpacas are increasingly bred worldwide because of their valuable fiber, but maintaining genetic diversity is essential for the long-term health and adaptability of their populations. In Poland, alpaca breeding is relatively recent, and genetic studies are important for monitoring population development and supporting responsible breeding practices. Alpacas occur in two phenotypic varieties, Suri and Huacaya. In this study, we developed and evaluated molecular tools for Huacaya alpacas bred in Poland, including a genetic marker for sex identification and microsatellite marker panels used for individual identification and parentage verification. The developed tools showed high accuracy and can be applied in breeding programs and genetic monitoring. The Polish Huacaya alpaca population showed high genetic diversity and no signs of substantial inbreeding, indicating that current breeding practices have maintained a broad genetic background. Genetic analyses also revealed a relatively uniform population structure, without clear division into separate genetic groups. These findings provide important information for the management and conservation of alpaca genetic resources in Poland and demonstrate the usefulness of molecular markers in supporting sustainable breeding strategies.