Biometric Identity Card and Identification Crisis in Uganda

Abstract

This paper examines how the system has unfolded an identification crisis for individuals lacking proper documents. The paper draws on the biometric identity card system, introduced in Uganda in 2014, intended to offer a ‘technical solution’ for deficiencies in citizen identification. It has significantly impacted certain groups of citizens, putting their freedoms at risk of intergenerational exclusion. Using qualitative approach data collection methods (in-depth interviews). This paper raises the question: What are the processes and challenges of acquiring national identification documents? The paper demonstrates the challenges associated with integrating advanced technologies, such as fingerprints, facial, and retinal recognition, into biometric cards to increase the holder’s legibility to the state. However, it renders certain ethnic minorities invisible, such as the Benet in Kween and Maragoli, among others. This creates identification dilemmas through digital, biometric, and centralised registration techniques. It recommends the need for resilient data management systems and reform of citizenship legislation to minimise uncertainty and support marginalised groups, namely, persons with disabilities and citizens at the borders.