A Secure and Efficient PDNA Cryptosystem: A Novel DNA and Polynomial-Based Encryption Approach

Abstract

The security of sensitive data has become a major concern today due to the transmission of data over public communication channels. Encryption has been relied upon to transmit protected data, which requires continuous improvement. To enhance the security of the transferred data, this paper presents the PDNA cryptosystem, a novel encryption method that integrates Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encryption with truncated polynomial-based encryption. DNA cryptography is a new advancement in the field of cryptography due to its important features, including the ability to store large amounts of information and the random nature of the sequences of nitrogenous bases that make up DNA. In this paper, a new DNA cipher is presented, combining the idea of using encoding tables to convert plaintext into codons and truncated polynomials. This integration provides a high level of security and a significant increase in the randomness of the ciphertext, particularly when selecting secret key methods and their mathematical construction. According to the security analysis, the large key space generated by the DNA sequence and polynomial functions makes the proposed cryptosystem highly resistant to brute-force attacks. Moreover, it significantly improves data confidentiality and advances this growing field of encryption techniques.