CuO–ZnO Nanocomposites via Bio‐Inspired Approach for Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1 H ‐Tetrazole Scaffolds

Abstract

In this work, a biogenic coprecipitation method is employed for the successful synthesis of CuO−ZnO nanocomposites (NCs). The structural properties of the resultant hybrid composites were extensively investigated by employing various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), FE‐SEM, energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDX), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The NCs were used as a catalytic system for the tetrazole moieties under mild reaction conditions to produce an efficient product with an isolated yield of up to 97%. Remarkably, the CuO–ZnO NC‐catalyzed reaction process exhibits several noteworthy features, including low catalyst loading, ecofriendly, shorter reaction time, and a green reaction medium (PEG‐400). This work also highlights the enhanced thermal and chemical stability of the NCs as compared to their individual components, which clearly demonstrates the synergistic interaction of the nanoparticles (NPs) and NCs. Also, it represents a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for organic transformations under Pd and ligand‐free conditions. This protocol is distinguished by its efficient recoverability, excellent recyclability, and broad functional group tolerance.