TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING CITIES: A SPATIAL APPROACH FROM SURAKARTA, INDONESIA

Abstract

The rapid growth of mobility and private vehicle use has intensified transportation challenges in Surakarta. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is considered a strategic response, aiming to integrate urban areas with public transport networks, reduce dependence on private cars, and improve accessibility. This study employs a spatial approach to assess the suitability of TOD areas by comparing planned nodes in the city’s spatial plan with standards set by the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. A spatial analysis of 10 transit points resulted in a priority classification: five nodes were identified as very high, one as high, two as moderate, one as low, and one as very low. The findings suggest that five priority nodes hold strong potential for development, provided they are supported by appropriate policy measures to strengthen accessibility and limit private vehicle use. These results offer practical insights for guiding TOD-based urban development in Surakarta.