Internet of Things-Based Photovoltaics Parameter Monitoring System using ATMEGA328P

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems require continuous monitoring to ensure optimal operational efficiency and performance tracking. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT)-based photovoltaic parameter monitoring system built around the ATmega328P microcontroller. The system is engineered to continuously measure electrical parameters—specifically current and voltage—generated by a solar panel setup under varying environmental conditions. Sensor data captured by the microcontroller is processed and transmitted via an IoT communication module to a remote cloud interface for real-time visualization and log analysis.