Numerical Aspects of Turbulent Blood Flow in Aorta: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Over the past decade, the development of accurate turbulence models to describe blood flow in the aorta for cardiovascular applications has increased substantially, leading to growing efforts to quantify turbulence‐related hemodynamic parameters and improved model fidelity. At the same time, a unified computational standard, including for clinical use, remains absent. Moreover, there is still no unified standard for modeling turbulent flows in the aorta, and the choice of turbulence model, boundary conditions, and validation. In this paper, a systematic review of the simulation studies of turbulent blood flow in the aorta. Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases were used in the literature search, which was completed on the 9th of July 2026. 38 articles were included after the selection process. The data from the research works were structured in different categories (Geometry, Viscosity model, Model turbulence, Parameters, Validation). The aim of this systematic review is to systematize the methodological approaches used in the state‐of‐the‐art literature, including the choice of turbulence models, validation methods, as well as the identification of the main hemodynamic parameters characterizing turbulent flow.