Combined EGCG and miR-27a-3p Inhibition Attenuates Oncogenic Progression in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is widely considered as one of the most challenging and aggressive forms of breast cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. TNBC progression is associated with aberrant dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and oncogenic pathways like PI3K/AKT, which promote cell proliferation and survival. One of the main catechins in green tea, epigallocatechin-3- gallate (EGCG), has drawn attention for its anticancer properties. It can inhibit cell development, trigger apoptosis, control oxidative stress and alter miRNA expression. This study aims to analyse whether combining EGCG with the miR-27a-3p inhibitor could enhance therapeutic effects in TNBC using the MDAMB-231 cell line. A series of in vitro experiments was conducted to assess cell viability, migration, apoptosis and caspase activity following individual and combined treatments. We also analysed genes associated with the PI3K signaling pathway to understand the molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that the combination treatment remarkably reduced cell viability and migration while promoting cell death and oxidative stress. These results imply that combining natural substances with miRNAtargeted therapeutics could provide a viable treatment option for aggressive TNBC.