Quality Analysis of Imported Marine Fish Species Distributed in Local Markets of Tikrit

Abstract

his research aims at an evidence-based evaluation of fish quality using the standard sensory, chemical, microbiological, and heavy metal analyses, thus supporting consumer safety, market regulation, and public health policy in Iraq, the reason for this study was to analyze two frozen fish species -Pangasius ( Pangasius bocourti ) and Latfish ( Lates niloticus )- which are mostly available in Tikrit markets. Pangasius fillets had the highest moisture content, while Latfish fillets contained more protein and fat and exhibited greater water-holding capacity, which in turn made them richer in nutrients, better in structural integrity, and more suitable for cooking performance. Latfish has higher myoglobin concentrations, resulting in lower cooking losses. The chemical spoilage indicators-total violet base nitrogen (TVBN), Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA), and peroxide value (PV)- were all detected in both species, but they were still within the safe limits set by the authorities, thus confirming that both fish types are human consumables. Both fish had moderate cholesterol levels; however, Pangasius showed significantly higher triglyceride levels. The heavy metal tests showed that the fish species and copper levels were below the international safety standards. The results are a clear indication of the need for proper methods for processing, labeling, and storage for the imported seafood, and also suggest routine chemical and microbiological monitoring to keep the quality of the products, protect the health of the consumers, and support public health campaigns in the frozen fish market of Iraq