Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Migration into the Urinary Bladder and Prostatic Urethra Demonstrated on Imaging: A Case Report

Abstract

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting is the most common procedure for cerebrospinal fluid diversion in Hydrocephalus (HC); problems such as blockage, infection, and distal catheter migration can occur. Intravesical migration of the distal catheter is an extremely unusual complication that can result in chronic urine problems. The authors describe the case of a 44-year-old male with Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) who presented with dysuria, burning micturition, and urine incontinence five months after being treated for recurrent urinary tract infections and genitourinary Tuberculosis (TB). Computed Tomography (CT) brain scans revealed ventriculomegaly, which is consistent with shunt malfunction. CT urography revealed the distal VP shunt catheter within the urinary bladder lumen, with delayed images revealing further extension into the prostatic urethra, demonstrating progressive intravesical migration. There were no related peritoneal pseudocysts, abscesses, or ascites. The present case emphasises the importance of cross-sectional imaging in discovering uncommon locations of VP shunt migration and permitting prompt surgical therapy.