Jul 2026· Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques· Vol 22· 0 citations· 51 references
Computer Science
TL;DR
A hierarchical binary classification framework that decomposes the multiclass task into a sequence of structured binary decisions and provides competitive and feature-efficient classification performance is proposed.
Malicious URLs remain a persistent attack vector for phishing, malware delivery and web defacement, but operational filters often reduce the problem to binary benign/malicious detection. This paper presents X-URL, a mathematically grounded explainable framework for multi-class malicious URL classification. The framewor...
Bao Minh Tran· Journal of Intelligent Decis...· 0 citations
Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the Hybrid CNN–LSTM model effectively classifies webpages as Safe, Suspicious, or Malicious, providing improved detection accuracy and faster prediction compared with conventional machine learning approaches.
Sinchana and Dr. Kruthi R· International Journal of Adv...· 0 citations
The internet has rapidly evolved in its communication, commerce and information sharing making it a huge platform for cyber threats, particularly malicious URLs. They pose a serious threat to individuals and to organisations. Phishing attacks, malware distribution and other types of cybercrime frequently are carried ou...
Oludele Adeleke, Jimoh Abdulhakeem Kuranga, Samuel Adeolu Ogunbiyi et al.· American Journal of Interdis...· 0 citations
A feature-driven framework for phishing Uniform Resource Locator (URL) detection is introduced, emphasizing the design and evaluation of enhanced feature representations and highlighting that performance gains are primarily driven by feature design rather than model complexity.
Deniz Kaya, Murat Osmanoğlu· PeerJ Computer Science· 0 citations
The high rate of internet service expansion has posed a great challenge due to a high number of malicious sites that conduct internet activities that include phishing, malware downloads and online fraud. These threats must be detected at the initial stage and improve security to make people resistant to possible threat...
Sampath Mnv, Nahita Pathania· 2026 4th International Confe...· 0 citations
The system aims to classify URLs as either legitimate or malicious by analyzing various structural and statistical features extracted from the URLs by utilizing a Gradient Boosting Classifier due to its high accuracy and ability to handle complex patterns in data.
V. B, K. Rao, G. Prasad· International Scientific Jou...· 0 citations
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