Assessment of Bird and Wildlife Control Measures for Enhancing Aviation Safety at Murtala Muhammed Airport Terminal 2 (MM2), Lagos, Nigeria.

Abstract

This project assessed the effectiveness of bird and wildlife control measures in enhancing aviation safety at Murtala Muhammed Airport Terminal 2 (MM2), Lagos, Nigeria. Despite the existence of a dedicated Wildlife Control Department under the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN) and a formal regulatory framework administered by the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA), bird and wildlife strike incidents at Nigerian airports have continued to rise. A descriptive survey research design with a quantitative orientation, supplemented by qualitative insights, was adopted. The target population comprised approximately 185 relevant FAAN and aviation personnel at MM2. Using the Taro Yamane formula, a sample size of 126 was determined and adjusted upward to 145. Data from 132 usable questionnaires (91.0% effective response rate) were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis in SPSS Version 26. Key findings revealed that the effectiveness of bird and wildlife control measures was perceived as high (composite mean = 3.41), with active deterrence methods rated most favourably. Staff training and awareness recorded a moderate composite mean of 3.28, with the frequency of refresher training emerging as the weakest element (mean = 2.78). Regulatory compliance also registered a moderate composite mean of 3.15. All three null hypotheses were rejected. An integrated multiple regression model showed that the three constructs jointly explained 37.5% of the variance in aviation safety outcomes, with staff training and awareness emerging as the strongest unique predictor. The study concludes that aviation safety with respect to wildlife hazards at MM2 is jointly produced by interacting layers of defence—control measures, human competence, and regulatory oversight—consistent with Reason’s Organisational Accident (Swiss Cheese) Model and Regulatory Compliance Theory. Recommendations are directed at FAAN, the NCAA, airline operators and future researchers. Keywords: Bird strike; Wildlife hazard management; Aviation safety; Murtala Muhammed Airport; Staff training; Regulatory compliance; Swiss Cheese Model Keywords: Network Intrusion Detection, Lightweight Deep Learning, Edge Computing, Traffic, Data Ensemble Knowledge Distillation, , Knowledge Distillation, Adversarial Robustness. Gwems, J. A. & Usman, Y. (2026): Assessment of Bird and Wildlife Control Measures for Enhancing Aviation Safety at Murtala Muhammed Airport Terminal 2 (MM2), Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology. Vol. 14, No. 3. Pp 31-42. www.isteams.net/digitaljournal dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/DIGITAL/V14N3P4 .