Role of Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Saw Palmetto Fruits on Biochemical Parameters in The Liver of Male White Rats Treated with Cyclosporine

Abstract

Background: Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug widely used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, but its prolonged use leads to severe hepatotoxicity and disturbance of oxidative balance. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of saw palmetto fruits against cyclosporine-induced hepatotoxicity in male white rats. Methodology: Experimental study was conducted at the College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Iraq, between September 2025 to February 2026. A 20 healthy adult male albino rats, divided into four groups. The extract was prepared by heating fruit powder in distilled water in a ratio (1:10 weight/volume) at 70–80 degrees Celsius for 3 hours, then filtering and vacuum drying at 40–45 degrees Celsius, and giving it orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Serum liver function indices (AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin). Results: Cyclosporine caused a significant increase in AST (119.4±2.04 IU/L), ALT (32.6±1.43 IU/L), ALP (246±3.22 IU/L), and MDA (31.92±0.54 nmol/ml), with a significant decrease in proteinTotal (6.32±0.19 g/dL), albumin (3.22±0.07 g/dL), and GSH (71.3±1.69 μmol/L). In contrast, the group treated with saw palmetto extract showed significant physiological improvement, with decreased levels of AST (87.6±1.94 IU/L), ALT (26±1.41 IU/L), ALP (175.6±2.64 IU/L), and MDA (21.40±0.31 nmol/ml), Restore total protein levels (6.80±0.10 g/dL). Conclusion: The animals showed treatment with the extract morally in liver enzymes, while maintaining levels of total protein, albumin and antioxidants. We can consider, this extract as a promising natural supplement for reducing the long-term clinical toxicity of cyclosporine treatment. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2026;13(1): 137-143