The Significance of Food, Nutrition and Water Security: The African Story

Abstract

Globally, the hidden costs attributed to food systems amount to US$12.7 trillion annually, about 10% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while agriculture accounts for only 4% of global GDP. Africa has distinguished levels of hunger and malnutrition that are incompatible with the African Union's agenda for 2063. Almost 300 million people in Africa are estimated to be at risk of intensifying hunger due to the destructive impacts of conflict, climate variability and extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns. This research review highlights the status of global food, nutrition, and water security, factors affecting food security, effects of food insecurity, and food safety and value addition in Africa. The qualitative research review is based primarily on literature review from secondary data sources. Food systems have become the central theme among food actors and scholars to comprehend and adequately address food, nutrition, and water security. African governments need to incorporate sustainability and climate resilience strategies to achieve food, nutrition, and water security. Most African countries have limited awareness of food security, nutrition, and water issues, as evidenced by the lack of comprehensive policies and initiatives. The consequences of these issues are profound, and substantial action is required to prevent Africa from becoming desolate in the coming decades.