sangramento social causado pelo caporalato: soberania, democracia e estratégias para a proteção dos direitos trabalhistas em contextos nacionais e internacionais

Abstract

Amid Italy’s evolving social and economic landscape, the practice of caporalato—an illegal form of labor intermediation—continues to thrive, taking advantage of the vulnerability of migrant workers. Rooted in decades of systematic labor exploitation, this phenomenon subjects workers to oppressive and degrading conditions. This paper examines the historical evolution of caporalato, its connections to organized crime, and the Italian legislative responses—particularly Law 199/2016 and Article 603-bis of the Italian Penal Code—aimed at combating and eradicating this practice. Case studies from regions such as Foggia and Nardò illustrate the ongoing challenges in implementing reforms and highlight persistent obstacles to the effective prevention of such abuses. Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes the importance of international law and the supranational authority of the European Union as fundamental mechanisms for the protection of human rights, the consolidation of democracy, and the preservation of State sovereignty in the context of the globalization of illicit practices