Latent profile analysis of health-related quality of life among patients with chronic kidney disease in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the latent profiles of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) along with the factors associated with HRQoL. Design Cross-sectional study Settings Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute in Bangladesh Participants 315 patients with CKD Primary and secondary outcome measures Data regarding HRQoL and sociodemographic characteristics and other CKD-related variables have been collected using a validated structured questionnaire. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify HRQoL into classes, and bivariate and multinomial logistic regressions were used to find the relation between HRQoL classes and the related factors. Results The majority of the patients were female (64.13%) with a mean age of 54.7 years. Most participants had low levels of education, were married, and a large proportion was retired. LPA identified a three-class model; low (20.95%), moderate (34.29%) and high (44.76%). Individuals in the high HRQoL class consistently reported better outcomes across most 36-Item Short Form Health Survey domains, particularly physical functioning, social functioning and bodily pain, while the low HRQoL group reported the poorest outcomes. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that income, education, marital status and comorbidity count were significant predictors of class membership (p<0.05). Higher income and education were associated with a lower likelihood of low HRQoL, while being married and having fewer comorbidities were associated with a higher likelihood of high HRQoL. Conclusion This study identified three distinct HRQoL profiles among patients with CKD, with income, education, marital status and comorbidity significantly influencing class membership. Integrating patient education, financial support and routine HRQoL assessment into CKD care may help improve overall well-being, particularly in resource-limited settings.