Editorial: Tumor microenvironment and personalized therapy of gastrointestinal cancer Ⅱ

Abstract

, and esophageal cancers, addressing this challenge from complementary clinical and translational perspectives. The contributions highlight three interconnected dimensions of individualized cancer care: the role of systemic inflammatory, nutritional, and body-composition parameters in perioperative and postoperative risk assessment; the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of local tumor characteristics, including immune contexture and residual disease patterns; and the application of refined prognostic stratification to guide postoperative management, long-term surveillance