WAYS OF DEPICTING THE CATASTROPHIC NATURE OF RUSSIAN HISTORY IN THE PROSE OF THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Abstract

The article examines how Russian writers of the first third of the 20th century depicted historical catastrophes. It analyzes the works of A. Bely, E. Zamyatin, A. Platonov, M. Bulgakov, and I. Bunin. The article is based on the philosophical ideas of N. Berdyaev and P. Florensky about the "Russian Apocalypse". The authors distinguish three types of catastrophism: eschatological (the collapse of the world and consciousness), technocratic (man as a cog in the state), and existential (the disintegration of language and meaning). The article traces the evolution of the hero's image from a prophet who foresees doom to a "material" that shapes a new reality. It concludes that the prose of this time creates a unique language for describing catastrophes, which remains essential for understanding crisis-ridden eras.