Advanced Moment‐Resisting Frame Systems Integrating FRP Profiles and Optimized Steel Gusset Plate Connections

Abstract

Moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) are widely recognized in structural engineering for their ability to absorb and dissipate energy, primarily through the formation of plastic hinges at beam ends. This makes them particularly effective in resisting dynamic loads such as seismic activity or strong winds. Integrating Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer (FRP) profiles into MRF systems has introduced a transformative design approach, offering high strength‐to‐weight ratios, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation due to their lightweight nature. However, FRP profiles suffer from limited ductility, which may compromise energy dissipation and structural safety under extreme loading. To address this challenge, this study proposes a hybrid MRF system that combines FRP beams and columns with specially engineered steel gusset plate connections to enhance ductility and overall resilience. The gusset plates act as primary energy‐dissipating components, allowing the FRP members to remain largely elastic during loading. Comprehensive numerical and parametric analyses were conducted to evaluate performance under a range of scenarios. Results show that the gusset plate connections dissipate energy effectively up to a rotational deformation of 0.04 radians, a critical threshold in seismic design. At this level, FRP beams and columns retain their integrity, thereby extending the system's lifespan. Increasing the vertical length‐to‐thickness ratio reduces energy‐dissipation capacity due to plate slenderness and potential buckling. Also, increasing the horizontal length‐to‐thickness ratio reduces energy dissipation by about 25–71%.