Rural Urban Migration and Its Effects on Rural Family Structure in Nigeria

Abstract

This study explores the effects of rural-urban migration on family structure in rural Nigeria, focusing on the socioeconomic and cultural changes that accompany migration patterns in rural areas. As rural-urban migration continues in Nigeria, it significantly impacts rural households, leading to both positive and negative outcomes. This study highlights how migration influences family dynamics, including the shifting roles of household members, particularly women and the elderly, who often assume additional responsibilities in the absence of migrating family members. The study draws on empirical evidence from recent studies (2019-2024) to investigate how migration affects agricultural productivity, community cohesion, and left-behind family members’ psychological well-being. The findings indicate that while remittances from migrants contribute to improved living standards, they also worsen the vulnerability of non-migrants, particularly in rural areas that are heavily reliant on agriculture. Furthermore, the disruption of traditional family structures and the weakening of social networks are significant consequences of migration. The study also identifies key gaps in the literature, particularly in terms of gendered impacts, intergenerational relationships, and policy’s role in mitigating negative migration effects. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for policies that address the economic and social challenges of rural-urban migration to strengthen rural family structures and promote sustainable rural development.