Bio‐based dyeing of polyester fabric using bamboo leaf extract: A new approach in synthetic fabric colouration

Abstract

This study introduces an eco‐friendly dyeing process for polyester fleece fabric. A bio‐based dye was extracted from bamboo leaves to offer an alternative to harmful commercial synthetic disperse dyes. The dye was extracted using the boiling method under three different conditions (alkaline, aqueous, and acidic). The alkaline condition (8 g/L alkali, 100°C) was only effective for dye extraction, as confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy, which showed a peak at 638 nm. After process optimization, the optimized exhaust dyeing recipe (pH 5.5, 130°C for 60 min) was used for dyeing. The dyed fabric achieved a colour strength ( K / S ) of 11.73, lightness of 49.06, and chromaticity of 20.80 CIE. These characteristic absorptions of the dyed polyester fabric were found at a λ max of 410 nm. ISO standard tests confirmed satisfactory fastness properties suitable for commercial application. The extract also improved UV protection factor and antimicrobial resistance compared to undyed polyester. These results show bamboo leaf extracts can be a viable, bio‐based alternative to harmful synthetic chemicals, offering multifunctional properties and lowering environmental pollution.