We determine the exact finite-dimensional threshold in the zero-subspace problem of Aron and Rueda for complex homogeneous polynomials. More precisely, for every $d$ and $k$ we determine the least $m$ such that every $d$-homogeneous polynomial on $\mathbb{C}^m$ vanishes on a $k$-dimensional linear subspace. We also determine the exact threshold for arbitrary polynomials of degree at most $d$ to be constant on a $k$-dimensional linear subspace. The two thresholds are different. In the homogeneous case the exact threshold follows from Tevelev's theorem on isotropic subspaces and closedness of the incidence locus. In the bounded-degree case we first eliminate the linear homogeneous component by passing to its kernel; the remaining components, of degrees $2,\ldots,d$, form the system to which the Debarre--Manivel theorem is applied. For $k=2$ we give a separate proof using top Chern classes and Newton's inequalities.
Given a finite Borel measure $\mu$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$, when can one find $d$ mutually orthogonal hyperplanes such that \emph{every pair} of them cuts $\mu$ into four equal parts? Makeev [2] stated this result and outlined a proof strategy, but the key steps were left incomplete. We give the first complete proof. The key step is a Borsuk--Ulam-type theorem for the orthogonal group~$O(k)$: every continuous equivariant map from~$O(k)$ to a certain representation of the hyperoctahedral group~$B_k$ must vanish somewhere. We construct an explicit model map whose zero set consists of exactly one free $B_k$-orbit --- the set of all signed eigenbases of a fixed generic self-adjoint operator~$A$ --- verify nondegeneracy by an explicit derivative calculation, and conclude by the equivariant degree principle. The proof requires only linear algebra and elementary topology. The four-partition theorem follows immediately: the orthogonal hyperplanes are encoded as a frame in $O(d)$, and the equivariant map records the imbalance of $\mu$ across each pair of hyperplanes. A zero of this map is the desired configuration. The result is a special case of a general zero theorem for Stiefel manifolds proved in [5] by different methods.
Let $q=p^k$, and let $A_1,\ldots,A_{r-1}$ be invertible $n\times n$ matrices over ${\mathbb F}_q$. We prove that, if $k\ge r$, there is a vector $x$ for which \[ x,A_1x,\ldots,A_{r-1}x \] are all nowhere zero. For $r=2$ this recovers the theorem of Alon and Tarsi over nonprime finite fields. The proof tracks one monomial in the product of the coordinate forms. Frobenius powers keep every exponent below $p^r$, and finite-field polynomial nonvanishing supplies the required vector. The same method treats rectangular matrices with independent rows and prescribed forbidden values. The method also gives an extension-degree criterion for representable matroids and clarifies an unpublished prime-field conjecture of M. J. Moghaddamzadeh. Projective-geometric examples explain why the analogous field-size statement fails over proper extensions and, translated back to matrices, give lower bounds for the large-field problem.
Suppose we have $r$ linearly independent hypersurfaces of degree $d$ in $\mathbb{P}^m$ (or $\mathbb{A}^m$) defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$, whose intersection is at most $k$-dimensional. What is the largest possible number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points in the intersection? We conjecture an exact formula for this problem in both the projective and affine settings, assuming $q\geq d+1$. The case $k=m-1$ recovers the Beelen-Datta-Ghorpade conjecture [2] and the case $k=0$ recovers the zero-dimensional conjecture in [15]. Another interesting special case of the conjecture is $k=m-r$, which corresponds to the complete intersection of $r$ degree $d$ polynomials. The case $r=1$, $k=m-1$ was proven by Serre in [16] who showed that if $F$ is a degree $d$ homogeneous polynomial, then $|V(F)(\mathbb{F}_q)|\leq dq^{m-1}+\pi_{m-2}(q)$. We prove the case $r=2$ and $k=m-2$, that is, if $F_1, F_2$ are coprime, degree $d$ homogeneous polynomials, then $|V(F_1,F_2)(\mathbb{F}_q)|\leq d^2q^{m-2}+\pi_{m-3}(q)$.
Let $I\subseteq\mathbb C[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be an ideal generated by homogeneous polynomials of a common degree $d$. We give a polynomial partial differential equation criterion guaranteeing that $-n/d$ is a root of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial $b_I(s)$. We apply this criterion to the ideal of maximal minors of a generic $m\times n$ matrix and obtain the distinguished root $-n$; combined with local divisibility along determinantal strata, this allows us to obtain the strong monodromy conjecture in the maximal-minor case. Finally, we prove that the criterion is stable under enlarging the linear span of the generators, adjoining generators in disjoint variables, products satisfying the natural slope condition, and Thom-Sebastiani sums. These stability results provide new classes of homogeneous ideals and polynomials for which the distinguished Bernstein-Sato root can be detected. Keywords. Bernstein-Sato polynomial, monodromy conjecture.
For a fixed prime $p$, let $\mu_p$ denote the $p$-adic Plancherel measure. Then the first main goal of this paper is to prove effective (and moreover explicit) $\mu_p$-equidistribution of the $p$-th Hecke eigenvalues over the Atkin--Lehner subspaces $S_k^\sigma(N) \subseteq S_k(N)$ and $S_k^{\operatorname{new}, \sigma}(N) \subseteq S_k^{\operatorname{new}}(N)$. We then highlight five applications of this explicit equidistribution result. For the first application, we generalize Kim's vertical analog of the Atkin--Serre conjecture to the Atkin--Lehner setting. For the second application, we obtain explicit bounds on the number of newforms $f \in S_k^{\operatorname{new}, \sigma}(N)$ for which $p$ is extremal over $S_k^{\operatorname{new}, \sigma}(N)$. For the third application, we prove explicit asymptotics for the number of $\mathbb{F}_{p^r}$-points on the modular Jacobian $J_0(N),$ as well as on its factors $J_0^{\operatorname{new}}(N),$ $J_0^\sigma(N),$ and $J_0^{\operatorname{new}, \sigma}(N)$. We also make explicit an asymptotic result of Serre concerning point counts of the modular curves $X_0(N)$. For the fourth application, we generalize lower bounds due to Murty and Sinha on the sizes of large $\mathbb{Q}$-simple factors of $J_0(N)$ to analogous bounds for $J_0^\sigma(N)$. Finally, for the fifth application (the details of which are given in a separate paper), we use our explicit equidistribution result to prove that only finitely many modular Jacobians are supersingular modulo any fixed prime.
Aarya J. Kumar, Sargam Mondal, Erick Ross et al.· 2 citations
Let $m\geq 2$ and $d\geq 7$. We consider homogeneous polynomials in $2m+2$ variables of the form $f=F_0(u_0,v_0)+\cdots+F_m(u_m,v_m)$, where the $F_i$ are independently very general squarefree binary forms of degree $d$. We prove the rational noncommutative Hodge conjecture for the dg category $\mathrm{MF}^{\mathrm{gr}}(f)$ of graded matrix factorizations. Its Hochschild homology is the direct sum of the scalar-invariant Jacobian sector and $d-1$ one-dimensional point sectors. Boundary--bulk images of explicit rank-one factorizations generate a lattice of rank $(d-1)^{m+1}$ in the identity sector, while grading shifts of the stabilized residue field generate all point sectors. A reduced-Burau calculation shows that the identity-sector lattice exhausts the rational Hodge classes at a very general parameter. Consequently, $\dim_{\mathbb{Q}}\operatorname{Hdg}\bigl(\mathrm{MF}^{\mathrm{gr}}(f),\mathbb{Q}\bigr)=(d-1)^{m+1}+d-1$, and the rational topological $K$-rank is $\bigl((d-1)^{2m+2}+d-1\bigr)/d+d-1$. Finally, applying the additivity of the noncommutative Hodge conjecture for semiorthogonal decompositions together with Orlov's decompositions for Fano, Calabi--Yau, and general-type hypersurfaces proves the rational Hodge conjecture for the associated smooth projective hypersurface.
Xun Lin, Shizhuo Zhang· 0 citations
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