Gauge invariance is central to modern physics and underpins quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs). Existing quantum simulation approaches employ Gauss's law either to energetically suppress gauge-violating processes in analog platforms or to detect and discard gauge-violating outcomes in digital devices. Here we introduce a third paradigm, in which Gauss's law is used to dynamically generate the gauge theory itself from a substantially simpler Hamiltonian. Starting from a readily programmable three-body XXX model, we employ experimentally efficient single-qubit U(1) gauge symmetry-generator terms that induce the dynamics of a U(1) LGT. We implement this approach using 101 qubits on a 156-qubit IBM quantum processor and observe real-time dynamics in quantitative agreement with the target LGT while reducing the entangling-gate depth per Trotter step by a factor of five compared with a direct implementation. Our results establish gauge protection as a resource for Hamiltonian engineering rather than merely symmetry preservation, opening a scalable resource-efficient route towards digital quantum simulations of increasingly complex gauge theories in higher spatial dimensions.
Quantum computers offer the potential to directly probe the dynamics of strongly coupled quantum field theories. As a step towards reaching this potential, local Krylov-based truncations of a pure SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a triangular lattice are constructed. Adjoint strings connected to dynamical gluons are const...
Anthony N. Ciavarella, R. de Putter, Ed Younis et al.· 3 citations
Measurement-based quantum simulation (MBQS)---a recently proposed architecture for simulating lattice gauge theories---implements Hamiltonian dynamics by consuming a model-specific entangled resource state with adaptive mid-circuit measurements, rather than by a gate-based circuit. The local constraints in lattice gaug...
The results provide a rigorous complexity-theoretic demonstration that non-Abelian Yang--Mills theories can be simulated efficiently on quantum computers, paving the way toward first-principles quantum simulations of non-perturbative QCD dynamics.
Tian-Yin Li, Ying-Ying Li, Xiao-Yang Wang et al.· 1 citation
Circuit quantum electrodynamics embeds Josephson junction qubits within superconducting cavities, and has emerged as a leading approach to quantum computing and quantum simulation. Despite the many permutations of circuit geometry that have been explored, Josephson connectivities have so far been planar, making them ef...
Muqing Yu, Han-Jia Bi, Hengli Lo et al.· 0 citations
Noisy logic operations on a quantum computational register -- e.g., one or more qubits -- can be described by transfer matrices (a.k.a. CPTP maps or superoperators) that act linearly on the density matrix representing the register's quantum state. Collectively, these operations form a gate set. Gate sets have a gauge f...
J. D. de Mendoza, Corey I. Ostrove, T. Proctor et al.· 0 citations
This article benchmark the real-time dynamics of Z 2 and U ð 1 Þ gauge-invariant plaquette models using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, specifically the superconducting-qubit-based quantum IBM Q computers.
E. Huffman, Miguel García Vera, Debasish Banerjee· 15 citations
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