Competitividad de los vehículos eléctricos en el transporte particular:

Abstract

The transportation sector is one of the main consumers of energy and contributors to pollutant emissions in urban areas, which has driven the search for more efficient and sustainable alternatives. In this context, electric vehicles have emerged as a viable option; however, their competitiveness compared to internal combustion vehicles depends on multiple economic, energy, and environmental factors. This study aims to evaluate the competitiveness of electric vehicles in private transportation through a comparative analysis with internal combustion vehicles in the eastern region of the State of Mexico. A quantitative approach was developed based on key indicators, including cost per kilometer, operational costs, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions. Financial evaluation tools such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were also applied, considering an eight-year evaluation horizon. The results show that electric vehicles demonstrate greater competitiveness under intensive usage scenarios due to their lower operating costs and higher energy efficiency. Although the initial investment is higher, it is offset in the short term through energy cost savings, generating significant economic benefits in the medium term. From an environmental perspective, electric vehicles significantly reduce direct emissions, contributing to improved air quality in urban areas. It is concluded that the competitiveness of electric vehicles is primarily determined by usage intensity, energy cost differentials, and urban conditions. However, their adoption requires the strengthening of charging infrastructure and the implementation of public policies that promote their integration into the transportation system.