KONSEP TEMAN BERGAUL DALAM AL-QURAN: ANALISIS AYAT-AYAT AL-QUR'AN TENTANG KRITERIA SAHABAT YANG IDEAL

Abstract

Humans, as social beings, require interaction with others, in which friendship constitutes one of the most meaningful forms of interaction. The Qur’an, as the guiding framework for Muslim life, provides comprehensive guidance on the concept of friendship and the criteria of an ideal companion. This study aims to identify the terminology of friendship in the Qur’an, to explain the fundamental principles of friendship in Islam, and to analyze Qur’anic verses that discuss the characteristics of the ideal friend along with their exegetical interpretations (tafsir), asbab al-nuzul, and munasabah. The research employs a thematic (tafsir mawdhu‘i) method with a qualitative approach through library research. The findings indicate that the Qur’an employs various terms to describe friendship, such as Shadiq, rafiiq, Khaliil, and Shaḥib, each carrying distinct semantic nuances. The principles of friendship in Islam include taqwa as the foundation, ukhuwah islamiyah, tawashi bil-ḥaq, and amr ma‘ruf nahy munkar. The criteria of an ideal friend are elaborated in several verses, including  Q.S. Al-Kahf: 28, Q.S. Az-Zukhruf: 67, Q.S. An-Nisa: 69, Q.S. Al-'Asr: 3, and Q.S. Ash-Shaffat: 50-57,which emphasize the importance of choosing companions based on piety, consistency in worship, and commitment to mutual counsel in truth. This study concludes that friendship in Islam is not merely a social dimension but also a spiritual one that guides human beings toward the pleasure (ridha) of Allah SWT.