Design and Implementation of a Blockchain-based Traceability System for Green Transformation in Optoelectronic Enterprises

Ensuring food supply chain transparency through blockchain-driven traceability

Food supply chains face increasing challenges related to transparency, traceability, and data integrity. This study proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework integrating the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) , Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and a hybrid GM-PBFT consensus mechanism to ensure secure and efficient data sharing across stakeholders. The proposed system combines on-chain and off-chain storage to reduce blockchain overhead while preserving data immutability. A MobileNetV1-based model is incorporated for product quality assessment. Experimental evaluation using Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum test networks demonstrates improved performance, achieving 99.3% traceability accuracy, 37% faster recall response, and reduced data tampering risk. The results confirm that the proposed approach enhances transparency, scalability, and trust in agri-food supply chains. The proposed system utilizes a hybrid blockchain architecture, combining Hyperledger Fabric (permissioned blockchain) for secure enterprise-level transactions and Ethereum Layer-2 network for scalability and smart contract execution.

A Multi-Chain Blockchain Framework for Trusted Data Management and Efficient Traceability in Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chains

Fruit and vegetable supply chains generate heterogeneous data across production, storage, logistics, and sales, creating challenges for trusted data sharing, privacy protection, and real-time traceability across distributed supply-chain information systems. Conventional single-chain blockchains suffer from limited scalability, data redundancy, and low retrieval efficiency, making them inadequate for high-frequency full-process information management. This study proposes a multi-chain blockchain framework for trusted full-process information management of fruit and vegetable supply chains. The framework integrates traceability, enterprise, notary, and regulatory chains to support hierarchical data management and privacy isolation. A reputation-based notary node election mechanism and a threshold-signature scheme based on Shamir secret sharing are designed to enhance cross-chain security and distributed regulatory consensus. To improve retrieval efficiency, a Cuckoo-Augmented Merkle Tree (CMerkle) and a skip-list-based block index are developed. Simulation results show that all malicious nodes were restricted by the 19th round, signature aggregation required 70.16 ms in a 500-node setting, and CMerkle achieved retrieval speedups of 14.7 and 153 times at data scales of 500 and 10,000 records, respectively. The framework supports trusted data governance, real-time traceability, privacy-preserving sharing, and regulatory decision support in blockchain-enabled supply-chain information systems.

Digital Supply Chain Visibility Using Blockchain and Iot

Digital transformation has revolutionized supply chain management by enhancing transparency, traceability, and efficiency. This study focuses on improving supply chain visibility through the integration of Blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT). Traditional systems face challenges such as data silos, lack of transparency, fraud, and inefficiencies. IoT enables real-time data collection (e.g., location, temperature, and handling conditions), while Blockchain ensures secure, tamper-proof, and transparent data storage. The integration of these technologies allows end-to-end tracking of products and information across the supply chain. Smart contracts automate processes, reducing the need for manual intervention. The study also examines system architectures, consensus mechanisms, and key challenges like scalability, latency, and interoperability. Despite limitations such as high costs and technical complexity, the combined use of Blockchain and IoT significantly improves visibility, trust, and operational efficiency. Overall, this approach offers strong potential for building reliable, data-driven, and transparent supply chain systems.

Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Traceability Using Hybrid Cryptographic Models for Sustainable and Secure Global Trade

Globalization of trade has presented serious challenges of management of supply chain such as, lack of transparency, counterfeit products, ineffective tracking and data security vulnerability. The traditional centralized traceability systems have not given the end-to-end visibility and trust between distributed stakeholders. The research in this paper introduces a blockchain integrated traceability model that uses hybrid cryptographic models to increase the chain security, transparency, and sustainability in the global supply chain. The architecture of the proposed system combines permissioned blockchain architecture and more sophisticated cryptography methods such as zero-knowledge proofs, attribute-based encryption, and digital signatures to provide data confidentiality, integrity, and selective disclosure. Intelligent contracts provide automation of verification and adherence to the standards of sustainability. The experimental test of a multi-node blockchain network shows that it has a high throughput of transactions, low latency and resilience to most forms of attacks. The architecture enables product tracking in real-time, non-repudiated record maintenance and accountability among the stakeholders and minimizes operation inefficiencies. The proposed solution will promote sustainable trade, as blockchain immutability and hybrid cryptography will create trust in global supply chain ecosystems. Keywords: Blockchain, Supply Chain Traceability, Hybrid Cryptography, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Sustainable Trade, Smart Contracts, Attribute-Based Encryption, Global Trade Security.

BMTIIOT: Blockchain-based Multi-Technology Integrated Industrial Internet of Things Data Acquisition and Control Platform

AN UNCERTAINTY-AWARE MULTI-CRITERIA FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING BLOCKCHAIN-BASED TRACEABILITY SYSTEMS

Blockchain technology has transformed data management by offering a decentralized, transparent, and secure way to record transactions. In order to improve supply chain visibility, security, authenticity, and dependability, these blockchain-based tracking and tracing system capabilities are essential. Choosing the best architecture and configuration becomes a difficult decision-making task as industries use these systems more and more. Furthermore, a wide range of factors, including cost, security, and scalability, influence decision-making. This study assesses different blockchain-based tracking systems using the fuzzy framework. The COCOSO model was introduced in the study within the Picture Fuzzy (PF) framework. By considering several conflicting factors, this decision-making tool assesses the actual situation of a blockchain-based tracking and tracing system. Furthermore, the importance of decision-making in blockchain-based systems has been established, along with their implications for society, risk reduction, ethics, and the environment. Additionally, a comparison analysis was carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested model in order to confirm the validity and dependability of the suggested strategy. The concluding remarks, which outline the topic's advantages, disadvantages, and future course, bring the conversation to an end. KEYWORDS: COCOSO method, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), blockchain-based tracking and tracing system, and picture fuzzy number (PFN)