Photon Statistics and Quantum Properties of a Cascade Three-Level Atomic System Coupled to a Two-Mode Squeezed-Vacuum Reservoir in the Bad-Cavity Limit

Abstract

We investigate the steady-state photon statistics and quantum properties of a cascade three-level atom coupled to a two-mode squeezed-vacuum reservoir. The mean photon number, photon-number correlations, second-order coherence, and quadrature fluctuations are examined as functions of the stimulated-emission decay constant and the squeezing parameter. The system exhibits two distinct regimes: a squeezing-dominated regime, governed by reservoir-induced correlations, and a cavity-dynamics-dominated regime, characterized by strong gain–loss competition. Enhanced squeezing increases photon generation, intermodal correlations, and intracavity energy through correlated photon-pair injection while reducing vacuum fluctuations. Conversely, stronger stimulated emission induces nonlinear amplification, asymmetric photon distributions, and sequential emission dynamics. A transition from super-Poissonian to sub-Poissonian statistics is observed, indicating the coexistence of photon antibunching and continuous-variable quantum correlations. Furthermore, atom–cavity interactions modify the generalized uncertainty bounds, revealing fundamental limitations on achievable squeezing imposed by higher-order noise processes. These findings demonstrate that engineered reservoirs and cascade atomic systems provide versatile control of nonclassical light for quantum communication, precision metrology, and continuousvariable quantum information processing.