Design and implementation of an STM32-based heart rate, blood oxygen, and body temperature monitoring and alarm system

Abstract

This design is a portable multi-parameter health monitoring device based on the STM32 series microcontroller platform. It is specifically designed for real-time monitoring and anomaly alerts of three vital signs: heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and body temperature. It naturally serves as a convenient and reliable health monitoring solution for both home and mobile environments. In the implementation, the STM32F103C8T6 is used as the main controller chip. Chip, which intelligently integrates the MAX30102 heart rate and blood oxygen sensor module, DS18B20 temperature sensor module, LCD display module, and buzzer/light alarm module. Heart rate and blood oxygen data are collected via fingertip contact, while body surface temperature is measured using a contact thermometer probe. All parameters undergo precise processing by the main controller chip before being displayed in real-time and intuitively on the local screen. More importantly, the system incorporates scientifically validated multidimensional safety thresholds: heart rate > 120 bpm, blood oxygen saturation < 80%, body temperature ≥ 38°C. Triggering any threshold limit activates the buzzer and visual alarm, promptly alerting users to potential health risks [1]. Compact in size, extremely low in power consumption, and exceptionally simple to operate, this device independently performs all measurements without requiring complex external equipment. It is therefore highly suitable for various scenarios including daily home monitoring, elderly health care, and health alerts for outdoor workers. It enables early detection and intervention for abnormal fluctuations in heart rate, blood oxygen, and body temperature, truly realizing the technological value of health monitoring.