Effectiveness of Ultra-Brief Psychological Interventions for Suicide Prevention: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Suicidal crises call for quick action to prevent suicides, with the field calling for shorter add-on treatment options. However, evidence for such ultra-brief interventions (one to four sessions) on suicidality is limited. This study aims to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Methods: We systematically searched databases up to April 1st, 2025, for randomized controlled trials reporting on suicidal outcomes. Interventions with four sessions or less were included in the meta-analyses. Data screening and extraction was conducted by two independent researchers. Results: A total of 25 articles were included, of which 8 reported on suicidal thoughts, 7 on suicide attempts, and 10 on both. Results at post-treatment showed that ultra-brief interventions were not associated with a significant reduction in suicidal ideation (g=-0.10,p=.258) or suicide attempts (RR=0.83, p=.127). Looking at results at follow-up yielded no differences, nor did various moderator analyses. Discussion: These findings suggest that no conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of ultra-brief interventions can be given. To prevent suicide, longer, multilevel interventions are recommended. More research is needed on specific subgroups to identify whether ultra-brief interventions could be effective as add-on in some groups but not others.