Design and Implementation of Microcontroller-Based Smart Furniture with Adaptive Ambient Lighting for Elderly Fall Prevention

Abstract

Nocturia, a common condition among the elderly, frequently causes nighttime awakenings and increases the risk of falls by reducing postural stability in low-light environments or by inducing glare from main room lighting. This study presents the design and implementation of a smart side table prototype, which integrates a microcontroller-based adaptive ambient lighting system to serve as a safe night navigation aid for older adults. The research employs an Action Research methodology, conducted through three iterative cycles: baseline condition analysis, physical design and system programming, and performance evaluation via technical simulations using a digital spectrometer. The resulting side table prototype was ergonomically developed to align with typical bed heights for the elderly and includes a concealed cable management compartment to improve both visual and physical safety. The Arduino-based control logic, using a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a passive infrared (PIR) sensor, reliably deactivates the system during daylight and activates low-intensity indirect lighting only upon detecting foot movement at night. Programming tests confirmed high timer accuracy, with a gradual fade-in effect, maintenance of navigation lighting for five minutes, automatic dimming to 10% for thirty minutes as a passive orientation light, and subsequent transition to complete blackout. This innovation provides a safe visual pathway without disrupting circadian rhythms and offers a practical, plug-and-play interior solution that eliminates the need for structural room modifications.