Effectiveness of a Community Based Family Empowerment Model on the Role of Families in Infant and Child Feeding

Abstract

Background: Optimal infant and young child feeding is essential for growth and development. While families play a critical role in this process, their potential contribution is often underutilized. Previous studies have attempted to address this issue; however, most have focused exclusively on mothers, overlooking the importance of broader family involvement and social support. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a community-based family empowerment model on the role of families in feeding infants and children. Method: A quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test–post-test approach was employed. The study population consisted of families with infants and children aged 0–24 months. Sampling was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was a community-based family empowerment model implemented through health cadres assistance to families for two weeks. The dependent variable was the role of the family in feeding infants and children. The study was conducted in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia, from April to June 2025. Data were collected using a family role questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: There was a significant increase in knowledge scores (mean difference = 2.94; p < 0.001), attitudes (mean difference = 6.14; p < 0.001), and behavior (mean difference = 5.03; p < 0.001). The MANOVA results indicated that the model had a significant effect on all three variables simultaneously (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.273; F = 123.31; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The community-based family empowerment model was effective in enhancing the family’s role in infant and young child feeding. Active family involvement could serve as a replicable strategy in other regions to accelerate stunting reduction.