Professionalism and Expertise in Media Practice: Defining the Journalist

Abstract

The rapid evolution of media tools, formats, and research areas within the field of communication has positioned the communicator most notably the journalist as a central figure in the communication process. To fulfil this role, journalists must be scientifically qualified, professionally experienced, skilled in media practice, and adhere to rigorous ethical standards. A growing challenge in the field is the influx of individuals presenting themselves as media professionals, often without formal qualifications, turning media specialization into an added value primarily for those who possess innate skills and talent. This paper seeks to address the question: Who is a journalist? It aims to define the term considering contemporary media practice, including the roles occupied by those on social media platforms. Given the ongoing transformation in media landscapes, this paper will contribute to a clearer understanding of the qualifications and standards expected of journalists. To achieve this, the paper employs two methodological approaches: (1) a theoretical review of the existing literature and (2) an empirical survey. The theoretical review is complemented by a survey conducted by the researcher in September 2024, involving 125 media professionals. The findings demonstrate significant alignment between the literature and the survey results, confirming the researcher’s hypothesis: the three essential qualifications for a journalist are Practical Skills (97.6%), Academic Credentials (88%), and Affiliation with Professional Organizations (80.8%). This paper concludes by emphasizing the necessity of adhering to professional standards and ethical guidelines, supporting efforts to establish a more structured and accountable media environment. By identifying the qualifications of a true journalist, this paper aims to provide a framework for more rigorous professional standards in media practice.