Developing a Marker-Based Mobile Augmented Reality System for Interactive Molecular Dynamics in STEM Education

Abstract

Simulating sub-microscopic chemistry, like covalent bonding, poses an intellectual hurdle in conventional STEM curricula due to the difficulty in translating 2D illustrations into 3D phenomena. This work discusses the implementation of a marker-based AR platform to demonstrate iMD through a user-simulated reaction between Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms to form $\mathbf{H}_{\mathbf{2}} \mathbf{O}$ molecules. The platform employs Unity with Vuforia Engine to detect physical image markers representing Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. A proximity detection and bond formation algorithm controls the system, with the reaction distance set to 0.4 world units for ergonomic purposes. The platform was ported to Android devices and optimized for rendering using the Universal Render Pipeline (URP). The findings suggest that mobile-based AR can enhance the pedagogical experience of chemistry by translating equations into interactive 3D simulations. This platform is a practical alternative that aligns with UN SDG 4: Quality Education.