Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Alter Gut Microbiome Composition under Antibiotic Exposure Conditions

Abstract

Lactobacillus strains have been documented to be effective in shaping composition and restoring gut microbiome dysbiosis in antibiotic-treated or post-antibiotic mice; nonetheless, it has rarely been studied for individual Lact probiotics from feces. Antibiotic therapy is an effective therapeutic arsenal against pathogenic microorganisms; on the other hand, they frequently alter the intestinal microbial ecosystem mainly through a reduction of representative micro-organisms, leading to functional imbalance and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. But in this respect, the Lactobacillus species have emerged as beneficial gut protecting and restorative probiotics. Probiotic Treatment Reversed a Number of Different Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis Different antibiotics induce dysbiosis by distinct pathway with varying effects on gut microbial diversity and community recovery. In particular, Lactobacillus species enhanced the diversity of commensal microbes and suppressed opportunistic pathogens. These effects appear to be mediated by several mechanisms, such as competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial compounds and modulation of host immunity. Also, probiotic delivery maintained key metabolic functions of the gut microbiota (notably short chain fatty acid production which is clinically reduced after antibiotic treatment). Temporal analyses revealed that early administration of Lactobacillus strains strikingly increased microbiome recovery relative to untreated controls and indicated the potency of these seemingly innocuous probiotic treatments. Conclusion: This study highlights that directed probiotic intervention is a promising adjunct to antibiotics preserving the intestinal microbiota landscape while accelerating recovery and mitigating adverse effects induced by prior antibiotic exposure. Together these observations create a stronger justification for the clinical use of Lactobacilli-based probiotic approaches for ncontrolling microbiome resilience before and after antibiotic therapy.