Prevalence and relationship of coagulopathy with glycemic control and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Cameroon

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the haemostatic profile, its associated factors and relationship with diabetic complications. This was a cross-sectional analytical study involving 73 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with complications and 23 without complications at the diabetic unit of the Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Littoral Region of Cameroon. The demographic, anthropometric and clinical data of patients were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, full blood count, hemostatic parameters including D-dimer, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), platelets and fibrinogen were measured. Out of 96 T2DM patients studied, 76% had complications with retinopathy (67.7%) and neuropathy (53.1%) being the most common. Patients with complications were significantly older ( p = 0.001) and had a longer mean duration of diabetes ( p = 0.001). Age, 64–80 years ( p < 0.001) and body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ( p = 0.004) were significantly associated with the occurrence of diabetic complications. The overall prevalence of coagulopathy was 98.96%, with prolonged PT (98.96%), shortened APTT (33.3%) and thrombocytopenia (28.1%) being the most frequent abnormalities. There was no significant difference in hemostatic parameters between diabetic patients with and without complications, or between those with good and poor glycemic control ( p > 0.05). The prevalence of both diabetic complications and hemostatic abnormalities was high among T2DM patients, but there was no relationship with complications and glycemic control. Routine monitoring of hemostatic profiles would be crucial for the early detection of coagulopathies in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients.