The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori have been linked to numerous systemic disorders outside the digestive tracts. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the association between H. pylori infection and type 2 diabetes and some serum biomarkers. One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and an equal number of healthy subjects with an age range from 15 to 45 years were enrolled in this study conducted over a ten-month period in 2024. They were of both sexes (95 men and 105 women). Serum fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum lipids, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine levels were quantified via automated spectrometry. The results showed that diabetic patients demonstrated markedly higher glucose, HbA1c, and liver enzyme levels with marginal alterations in lipid profile, including lower Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels relative to control group. H. pylori IgA and IgG were significantly elevated in diabetic patients and demonstrated a direct linear relationship with glucose, HbA1c, ALT, and AST levels, indicating a possible involvement in impaired glucose regulation. Furthermore, the data revealed a slight but statistically significant relationship between the third component of complement (C3) and the levels of both HDL and AST, suggesting a secondary contribution of this component to metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is concluded that prolonged persistence of H. pylori infection may exacerbate metabolic imbalances in diabetic patients, highlighting the need for in-depth research to assess its clinical implications.