Ship Safety Analysis in Indonesia: Determining Crew Competence, Port Digitalization and Ship Technology Innovation

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the determinants of ship safety in Indonesia by integrating three key constructs: crew competence, port digitalization, and ship technology innovation. The high risk of domestic maritime accidents underscores the urgent need for a holistic evaluation of the maritime ecosystem. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Fifty reputable scholarly articles published between 2021 and 2026 sourced from esteemed international and national journals were analyzed using a structured process comprising data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that enhancing crew competence (maritime knowledge, technical skills, decision-making, and non-technical competencies), implementing port digitalization (system integration, automation, information transparency and cybersecurity) and adopting ship technology innovations (propulsion systems, smart navigation, predictive maintenance, and eco-friendly technologies) positively and significantly determine ship safety in Indonesia (encompassing seaworthiness, safety management, emergency preparedness, and risk control). As a secondary qualitative synthesis, the study is limited by its lack of direct quantitative statistical testing in the field.