Assessment of Farming Practices and Agrochemical Use in Oju Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria: A Descriptive Perspective

Abstract

Agricultural intensification and increasing reliance on agrochemicals have raised concerns about sustainable farming practices, soil quality and environmental health in rural communities. This study assessed farming practices and agrochemical use among farmers in Oju Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria, with a view to providing location-specific evidence for sustainable agricultural management. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected from 120 farmers across seven communities, namely Oju, Ibilla, Ukpa, Iyeche, Owo, Oboru and Uwokwu, using structured questionnaires and field observations. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviations in SPSS Version 27. The findings revealed that farming was predominantly small-scale and rain-fed, with 43.3% of respondents cultivating 1–3 hectares and 73.3% relying on rainfall for agricultural production. Arable cropping constituted the dominant farming practice (35.0%). Agrochemical use was widespread, with 70.8% of respondents reporting its application. Among users, 45.9% applied agrochemicals more than three times, while 43.5% had 11–20 years of experience using agrochemicals. Farmers perceived declining soil fertility (M = 3.82), pollution of nearby water bodies (M = 3.80) and persistent soil residues (M = 3.74) as major environmental concerns. Although 63.3% were aware of organic alternatives, 84.2% expressed willingness to adopt soil-friendly practices. The study concludes that strengthening agricultural extension services, promoting integrated pest management and improving access to sustainable farming alternatives are essential for reducing environmental risks while maintaining agricultural productivity in Oju LGA.