Application of the Mactor Method in sustainable solid waste management at ISWM-Bantargebang, Indonesia

Abstract

The issue of waste management at the Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Bantargebang, Indonesia, is becoming increasingly complex due to the high volume of waste, limited management systems, and conflicting interests among stakeholders. This study provides conceptual and methodological contributions by adapting the MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) method to map power dynamics, stakeholder interests, and potential conflicts in sustainable waste management, particularly by considering the often-marginalized role of informal actors. This approach provides a structured analysis of multistakeholder relationships, which has rarely been applied in the context of developing countries. The study aims to analyze the influence and dependency among actors, their positions regarding five strategic waste management objectives, and to identify patterns of collaboration and resistance. The research employs a mixed-method approach, including in-depth interviews with ten key stakeholders and a MACTOR analysis. The results indicate that the Jakarta Environmental Service and the Cross-Regional Environmental Task Force are the dominant actors, while informal sectors such as waste pickers and collectors remain marginalized. Community empowerment and the economic multiplier effect emerged as strategic convergence points among actors; however, the development of alternative waste-to-energy solutions still faces resistance from the informal sector. This study highlights the importance of integrating the informal sector and building adaptive and participatory collaborative models as a strategic contribution to sustainable waste management.