From Hazard to Intervention: A Global Systematic Evidence Synthesis of Spatially Targeted Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Climate Resilience

Abstract

In urban areas, a range of hazards are being exacerbated by climate change, such as extreme heat, flooding, drought and air pollution. Spatial solutions like NbS (Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems, green spaces, urban forests and wetlands) provide effective solutions to mitigate these risks with multiple functions and low costs. But knowledge of where and when, and who, such interventions work best is still incomplete. This review is a systematic review of the literature that followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and included peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 and December 2024. The systematic search in the Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, MDPI and Google Scholar databases resulted in a total of 4,827 articles, with 102 articles found to be eligible.