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ALPS: An Automated Liquid Pipetting System for Spheroid Handling in Nanoliter Droplets

Oct 2026 · Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering · Vol 12, pp. 592 - 595 · 0 citations · 5 references

Abstract

Abstract Cell spheroids provide physiologically relevant 3D cell models, but the manual handling of individual spheroids remains challenging, particularly in miniaturized, high-density formats such as droplet microarrays (DMAs). Here, we present ALPS, an automated liquid-handling platform that collects spheroid-containing nanoliter droplets and redeposits them to specified target spots within or between DMAs. Using HEK (human embryonic kidney) spheroids, ALPS achieved transfer yields of up to ~80% under optimized conditions with a processing time of ~5 s per sample. Transferred spheroids retained morphology after handling and showed a ~1.25-fold increase in diameter within 24 h, indicating that the transfer procedure did not compromise spheroid structural integrity. Together, these results establish ALPS as a practical interface between high-density on-DMA spheroid generation and standard downstream formats, including microtiter plates and tube racks, enabling scalable 3D culture workflows.

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