Agile Methodology Adoption in South African Software Development SMEs: Usage and Adoption Drivers

Abstract

Agile software development is extensively embraced worldwide; nonetheless, there is a paucity of empirical data concerning the Agile approaches employed by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa and the reasons for their adoption. This research examines (1) the Agile software development approaches being employed by South African software SMEs and (2) the reasons these businesses embrace Agile methodologies. Utilising a cohesive theoretical model that merges Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory with the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework, the research adopted a quantitative descriptive methodology through a cross-sectional survey. Quantitative data were examined utilising descriptive and inferential statistical methods, encompassing frequencies, percentages, mean values, and standard deviations. Reliability and concept validity were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), correspondingly. The results reveal that Scrum and Kanban are the predominant Agile techniques, either utilised separately or in hybrid forms according to organisational frameworks, team interactions, and project needs. The adoption of Agile techniques was predominantly driven by internal factors, as businesses sought to enhance communication, cooperation, transparency, efficiency, responsiveness in delivery, and overall team effectiveness. The research determines that the adoption of Agile methodologies in South African software SMEs is practical, reliant on context, and influenced by organisational culture, methodological adaptability, and operational priorities, emphasising the necessity of flexible implementation strategies in emerging market settings.