Beamizer: B5G Network Planning Under Costs, Service and EMF Constraints

Abstract

The evolution of beyond 5G (B5G) networks presents challenges in balancing high-quality service delivery with minimizing electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure and controlling capital expenditures. This paper introduces Beamizer, an innovative planning framework designed for the optimal deployment of B5G base stations. By integrating user localization data and multi-objective optimization techniques, the tool efficiently manages trade-offs between cost, user throughput, and EMF exposure. The framework uses localization uncertainty to optimize beam synthesis, adjusting beam angles to reduce unnecessary radiation while maintaining high throughput. The multi-objective optimization problem is solved through a weighted-sum scalarization and subset-search over candidate deployments, producing solutions that maximize network performance under realistic constraints. Results demonstrate significant reductions in EMF exposure and high throughput gains compared to the evaluated fixed-angle directional beamforming baselines, all while controlling deployment costs. In this way, the flexibility of Beamizer allows network operators to optimize the number of base stations and achieve cost, performance, and EMF trade-offs.