Problems of development of the mineral resources complex in the context of improving the export policy of the Russian Federation

Abstract

This article examines the improvement of domestic export policy. The authors examine historical examples of countries achieving economic prosperity through effective exporting, from the ancient world to the present day. It is established that in all historical eras, the best financial results were achieved through the export of high-tech innovative products. A retrospective analysis of the commodity structure of domestic exports from Ancient Rus to the Russian Federation (RF) is conducted. The predominantly raw materials nature of Russian exports throughout the entire historical period is established. The dynamics of the commodity structure of Russian exports from 1995 to 2025 are analyzed. It is established that mineral products form the basis of this structure, and their dominance is stable. The relevance of export diversification is confirmed. Solutions to this problem could include strengthening the position of alternative product groups (food products, etc.) or increasing the processing of mineral raw materials to produce high-value-added products. However, regardless of the chosen solution, a prerequisite for success is the revival of the domestic mechanical engineering industry, which suffered catastrophic losses in the 1990s that have not yet been recouped.