AGROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF INTRODUCED GRAPE VARIETIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of an agrobiological evaluation of introduced grape varieties under the conditions of southeastern Kazakhstan (Talgar experimental farm, Almaty region) for 2024–2025. The aim of the study was to identify the most adapted and highly productive grape genotypes based on a comprehensive assessment of their growth, development, and yield. The study included the following grape varieties: Early Kibrayskiy, Osobiy, Sochniy, Muscat Susanna, Bobo Zakir, and Hungarian Muscat (control). The research was conducted using standard methods of varietal testing within an ampelographic collection. Phenological stages, biometric parameters of annual shoot growth, and productivity indicators (cluster weight, number of clusters per vine, yield per vine, and total yield) were evaluated. Bud break occurred in the second decade of April, flowering began in the third decade of May, and harvest maturity was reached in the first to second decades of August. Flowering lasted 13–15 days, and the growing season ranged from 116 to 124 days, corresponding to the biological characteristics of the crop and regional conditions. The most intensive shoot growth was observed in the Early Kibrayskiy variety. The varieties Sochniy, Bobo Zakir, and Osobiy showed an optimal combination of shoot length and number. The highest yields were recorded for Sochniy (up to 100.2 c/ha), Bobo Zakir (88.1 c/ha), and Osobiy (84.7 c/ha), due to their large cluster size and favorable cluster number. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the varieties Sochniy, Bobo Zakir, and Osobiy demonstrated high adaptability and stable productivity and are recommended for commercial cultivation and breeding programs.