Environmental Microbiology and Bioremediation: Microbes as Agents of Environmental Cleanup

Abstract

Algal bioremediation has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing water pollution, particularly in aquatic environments affected by heavy metals and nutrient overloads. Algae can accumulate heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury from contaminated water bodies, offering natural and effective solutions for water pollution. This process involves biosorption and bioaccumulation, where algal species like Chlorella and Scenedesmus uptake heavy metals, transforming these harmful pollutants into less toxic forms. In addition, algae can detoxify wastewater by utilizing excess nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, thereby mitigating nutrient pollution and improving water quality. The biomass generated during this process can be harvested for various applications, including biofuels and fertilizers. Overall, algal bioremediation represents a sustainable approach to combating water pollution, facilitating the removal of heavy metals, and promoting ecosystem health and resilience in aquatic systems.