Enhancing Distance Learning Through an AI-Integrated Virtual Reality E-Learning Platform: Design, Prototype Implementation, and Perception-Based Feasibility Assessment

Abstract

The surge in the popularity of distance learning has highlighted persistent problems with videoconferencing-based instruction, namely social presence, fatigue, and difficulty presenting complex content. To address these problems, this study outlines the development and preliminary evaluation of a Virtual Reality-based e-learning system with artificial intelligence capabilities, using a virtual campus, a 360-degree video alternative through a browser-based application, and a facial expression recognition service linked to the virtual reality application through a REST API. This study is more architectural in nature, describing a complete e-learning system and presenting a feasibility study based on perceptions rather than actual learning outcomes. The study is set within a Moroccan context, with 106 Higher Institute of Information and Communication (ISIC) students completing a post-interaction questionnaire after using the system. The study used statistical analysis to examine whether perceptions varied by academic level or prior exposure to immersive media. The results showed that students were highly familiar with immersive media, saw great value in using this type of e-learning tool, and were eager to use it as a supplement to traditional e-learning tools. We found no statistically significant differences in perceptions by academic level, nor significant correlations with prior exposure to immersive media. These findings support the feasibility of this e-learning tool but also highlight that learning outcomes and the technical capabilities of the facial expression recognition service should be evaluated experimentally.