On the Performance of Multiple-Layer LEO Satellite Internet of Things Constellations

Abstract

To achieve ubiquitous global coverage, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet of Things (IoT) constellations increasingly rely on multi-layer orbital architectures. However, characterizing their performance under practical Rician channels faces a significant challenge due to inherent analytical intractability. In this context, this paper proposes a stochastic geometry framework that integrates Cox point processes (CPP) with a robust Rician channel approximation. Leveraging this foundation, we derive tractable closed-form expressions for the coverage probability. Simulation results firmly validate the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model and yield key system insights, offering robust analytical tools and fundamental design guidelines for deploying next-generation LEO satellite IoT constellations.