On-Off Digital Noise Modulation with Fluid Antenna Systems over $\kappa$-$\mu$ Fading Channels

Abstract

This letter proposes the integration of on-off digital noise (OODN) modulation with fluid antenna systems (FASs). A unified analytical framework is developed to evaluate the performance of FAS- assisted OODN receivers over additive white Gaussian noise and generalized \k{appa}-{\mu} fading channels. The analysis incorporates fluid antenna port selection, the number of available ports, and spatial correlation. Analytical expressions for the average bit error probability are derived and the achievable diversity order is characterized. All expressions are validated through Monte Carlo simulations. Results demonstrate that the spatial diversity provided by the FAS significantly enhances the reliability of OODN transmissions while preserving their inherent low-complexity, non-coherent operation without carrier-phase recovery. The proposed framework establishes a new research direction for energy-efficient Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-type communication systems.